Density based traffic signal system using image processing

Contact Me for Project Prize Mail Id:  tamilblogelectronic@gmail.com Measure Traffic density and ambulance detection in Realtime project. What We Do in This Project: (Both Software & Hardware Project Available) ( i) Traffic Density Measure - Realtime (Means using Traffic Camera or Traffic Video) First,  we do Vehicle Detection in Video/Camera using Image Processing. Second, we Count the Vehicle We Detected in Video/Camera using Image Processing. Third, We Compare Two lane Vehicle Density in Video/Camera , if lane detect more no. of vehicle will be Prioritized first.   (ii) Ambulance Detection in Single Lane  - Realtime (Means using Traffic Camera or Traffic Video) : First, We Collect the Images of Ambulance. Second, we train our Image model using sample ambulance image. using Yolo image Model, we able to Detect the Ambulance in Video/ Camera. (iii) Ambulance Detection in Multiple Lane  - Realtime (Means using Traffic Camera or Traffic Vid...
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Pulse-amplitude modulation, Types and Applications of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

What is Pulse Amplitude Modulation ?


 ● An analog pulse modulating scheme in which the amplitude of the pulse carrier varies proportional to the instantaneous amplitude of the message signal. 

● The pulse amplitude modulated signal, will follow the amplitude of the original signal, as the signal traces out the path of the whole wave. 

● In natural PAM, a signal sampled at the Nyquist rate is reconstructed, by passing it through an efficient Low Pass Frequency (LPF) with exact cutoff frequency. 

● Pulse amplitude modulation is used in the popular Ethernet communication standard. 

● There are two categories of PAM techniques, one is the pulses have the same polarity and the other in which the pulses can have both positive and negative polarities according to the amplitude of the modulating signal.

● By varying the width of the pulses (the carrier signal) in proportion to the instantaneous values of the analog signal (the message signal) 

● The width of the pulse varies, but the amplitude of the pulse remains constant. Amplitude limiters are used to make the amplitude constant. These circuits clip-off the amplitude, to a preferred level and hence the noise is limited.


There are three types of PWM. They are: 


•The leading edge of the pulse being constant, the trailing edge varies according to the message signal.

 •The trailing edge of the pulse being constant, the leading edge varies according to the message signal.

 •The center of the pulse being constant, the leading edge and the trailing edge varies according to the message signal.


Applications of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) 


• PWM Techniques are used in Telecommunications for encoding purposes. 

• Pulse Width Modulation helps in voltage regulation and thus finds its use in controlling Brightness in Smart Lighting Systems and also controls the speed of motors. 

• Computer Motherboard requires PWM Signals that controls the heat generated in the board. 4 Pin PWM header is embedded in the fan that helps to dissipate the heat from the motherboard. 

• It is also used in Audio/Video Amplifiers. 

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