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Density based traffic signal system using image processing

Contact Me for Project Prize Mail Id:  tamilblogelectronic@gmail.com Measure Traffic density and ambulance detection in Realtime project. What We Do in This Project: (Both Software & Hardware Project Available) ( i) Traffic Density Measure - Realtime (Means using Traffic Camera or Traffic Video) First,  we do Vehicle Detection in Video/Camera using Image Processing. Second, we Count the Vehicle We Detected in Video/Camera using Image Processing. Third, We Compare Two lane Vehicle Density in Video/Camera , if lane detect more no. of vehicle will be Prioritized first.   (ii) Ambulance Detection in Single Lane  - Realtime (Means using Traffic Camera or Traffic Video) : First, We Collect the Images of Ambulance. Second, we train our Image model using sample ambulance image. using Yolo image Model, we able to Detect the Ambulance in Video/ Camera. (iii) Ambulance Detection in Multiple Lane  - Realtime (Means using Traffic Camera or Traffic Vid...
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Robot Definition and Its Classification, Advantage and Disadvantage

  Definition of Robot By Robot Institute of America: Any machine made by one our members. A robot is a software-controllable mechanical device that uses sensors to guide one or more end-effectors through programmed motions in a workspace in order to manipulate physical objects. Classification of Robot I JIRA ( Japanese Industrial Robot Association) Robots can be classified as follows:  Class 1:  manual handling device – a device with several DOF’s actuated by the operator.  Class 2:  fixed sequence robot – similar to fixed automation.  Class 3:  variable sequence robot – similar to programmable automation.  Class 4:   playback robot – the human performs tasks manually to teach the robot what trajectories to follow.  Class 5:  numerical control robot – the operator provides the robot with the sequence of tasks to follow rather than teach it.  Class 6:  intelligent robot – a robot with the means to understand its en...
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What is a heat sink Its purpose Diagram to show how is heat dissipated when transistor is mounted on a heat sink Types of heat sink

  What is a heat sink ?    The maximum power dissipated by a   power transistor and transistor junction temperature are closely related because junction temperature increases due to power dissipation.  Hence it is necessary to keep the junction temperature below the maximum specified value or else the crystalline semiconductor structure will get permanently damaged.  The power transistor is mechanically attached to a metal surface that provides a large surface area for heat dissipation to the surrounding air.    The mechanical device is called a heat sink. The heat sink takes away the heat from the power transistor via thermal conduction and expels the heat to the surrounding air by thermal convection and radiation. Advantage of heat sinks are: Temperature of the transistor casing gets lowered The power handling capacity of the transistor can now approach the rated maximum value.   
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The Operation of a Pierce crystal oscillator

  The crystal behaves like an inductor by operating at a frequency slightly above   fs (series resonant frequency) . This is basically a Colpitt’s oscillator where the input stray capacitance C1 and output stray capacitance C2 and the   crystal as inductor L form the Colpitt tank circuit. The frequency of oscillation is stabilized by using a crystal operating at either its series or parallel resonant frequency. R1 nd R2 with Re form the divider bias circuit. The RFC or radio frequency choke (inductor) isolate the power supply (dc voltage)   from the ac signal generated.
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Which are the factors that affect frequency stability of an oscillator ? How can frequency stability be improved in oscillators ?

Factors that affect frequency stability of an oscillator are: Due to changes in temperature, the values of the components of the tank circuit i.e. inductors and capacitors get affected. This causes change in frequency of the oscillator. Due to changes in temperature, the h parameters of the transistor gets changed which in turn affects the frequency. Changes in environmental conditions like temperature, humidity etc. affects the frequency of operation. Stray capacitances, changes in load connected to the oscillator also changes the frequency. Variation in power supply can affect frequency stability. Ageing of the crystal or tank elements changes the internal dimensions and hence frequency changes will be seen.   Frequency stability can be improved by the following modifications: Enclosing the circuit within a constant temperature   enclosure Connecting the oscillator to an emitter follower so that load variations do not affect the frequency stability. Have a well regulated...
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The Various parameters that are specified by a manufacturer for an oscillator

Frequency : At what frequency should the oscillator work. e.g. 40 MHz Type of signal generated : Sine wave or square wave. If square wave TTL or CMOS etc. Stability : The most important specification is stability. Stability is how well an oscillator remains at the desired frequency. The measurement of stability is the deviation or change  in frequency from the desired value. The stability is typically measured in parts-per-million (ppm) . High performance oscillator’s stability will be specified in scientific notation e.g. 1x10 -6 is 1ppm. Temperature range of operation : Oscillators are measured according to their intended use, which means the temperature range may be 0 to 50 ºC for indoor applications, –40 to +70 ºC for outdoor applications, or some other range. Power supply voltage :  e.g. 5V±5%  or 15 V ±10% Current drawn :   e.g.  30 mA Package of the oscillator : type of package Dimensions : Height, length and width in mm. Spacing between cry...
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Pulse-amplitude modulation, Types and Applications of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

What is Pulse Amplitude Modulation ?  ● An analog pulse modulating scheme in which the amplitude of the pulse carrier varies proportional to the instantaneous amplitude of the message signal.  ● The pulse amplitude modulated signal, will follow the amplitude of the original signal, as the signal traces out the path of the whole wave.  ● In natural PAM, a signal sampled at the Nyquist rate is reconstructed, by passing it through an efficient Low Pass Frequency (LPF) with exact cutoff frequency.  ● Pulse amplitude modulation is used in the popular Ethernet communication standard.  ● There are two categories of PAM techniques, one is the pulses have the same polarity and the other in which the pulses can have both positive and negative polarities according to the amplitude of the modulating signal. ● By varying the width of the pulses (the carrier signal) in proportion to the instantaneous values of the analog signal (the message signal)  ● The...
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boost::filesystem::remove: The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process in VIVADO (XILINUX)

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( Note :   Click Label To Check various Topics like Diodes,Rectifier,etc.) Contact   tamilblogelectronic@gmail.com And other social media for Soft copies of any Book.   Final Year Engineering Project ( both Hardware and Software Project) :   Density Based Traffic control for Smart Ambulance System using Image Processing    Click Here   - Electronics Project Ambulance Detection Project In Vivado If You Run A Program With Both Main Module And Test Bench And You Try To Run Other Program In the Same Project Will You Will Get This Error  boost::filesystem::remove: The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process in VIVADO If You Try To Run A Different Code In Same Project (I.e First You Tried Is Full Adder Second You Try To Run A Half Adder Or Any Thing With Correct Code(I.e Without Error In That Code) ) You May Get An Error As  boost::filesystem::remove: The process cannot access the file because it is being ...
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Verilog Project

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( Note :   Click Label To Check various Topics like Diodes,Rectifier,etc.) Contact   tamilblogelectronic@gmail.com  And other social media for Soft copies of any Book. Traffic Light at Junction Let Us Go To The Logic Of The Project:  Logic Is More Important Than Code. Four Roads So Four Traffic Light: 1st traffic light is n_lights ( north direction light) 2nd  traffic light is e_lights   ( east direction light) 3rd  traffic light is s_lights   ( south direction light) 4th  traffic light is w_lights  ( west direction light) For n_lights: conditions: I am going 3bit  if 001 - GREEN     010 - YELLOW    100 - RED  For e_lights: conditions: I am going 3bit  if 001 -  GREEN     010 -  YELLOW    100 -  RED  For s_lights: if 001 -  GREEN     010 -  YELLOW    100 -  RED  For w_lights: if 001...
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HOW TO CREATE PROJECT IN VIVADO (XILINUX) AND TEST BENCH

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      ( Note :   Click Label To Check various Topics like Diodes,Rectifier,etc.) Contact   tamilblogelectronic@gmail.com  And other social media for Soft copies of any Book.   AFTER INSTALL XILINUX  STEP 1 :CLICK ICON TO OPEN STEP 2: AFTER ITS OPENED THE SCREEN WILL BE LIKE THIS  STEP 3 : CLICK CREATE PROJECT AFTER YOU CLICKED CREATE PROJECT WILL BE LIKE THIS BELOW IMAGE: AFTER CREATE PROJECT CLICK NEXT THIS TAB WILL SHOW CLICK PROJECT NAME AND NAME THE PROJECT AND CLICK NEXT AFTER CLICK NEXT THIS TAB WILL SHOW CHOOSE RTL PROJECT AND CLICK NEXT CLICK CREATE FILE TO ADD SOURCE NAME AND TYPE SOURCE NAME AS LIKE GATE MODELLING MEANS    (gate_dff )  dff means d flipflop AFTER NAMED SOURCE WILL BE LIKE THIS CLICK NEXT CLICK NEXT THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT  CATEGORY : GENERAL PURPOSE PACKAGE : fb 484 SPEED : -1 FAMILY : KINTEX 7 AFTER YOU DID PREVIOUS STEPS ONLY TWO ROW WILL  BE THERE IN BOTTOM BOX.   CLICK ANY ...
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fir filter advantages and disadvantages

 What is FIR Filters? The filters designed by using finite number of samples of impulse response are called FIR filters. These finite number of samples are obtained from the infinite duration desired impulse response h (n). Here h (n) is the inverse fourier transform of H (O), where H (0) is the ideal (desired) frequency response. The various methods of designing FIR filters It differs only in the method of determining the samples of h(n) from the samples of h (n). The various steps in designing FIR filter are i) Choose an ideal (desired) frequency response, H.(w). ii) Take inverse fourier transform of H (w) to get h,(n) or sample H, (o) at finitenumber of points (N-point) to get Ĥ(k). iii) If h (n) is determined, then convert the infinite duration h (n) to a finite duration h(n). (usually h(n) is an N-point sequence) or If ħ(k)is determined then take Npoint inverse DFT to get h(n). iv) Take Z-transform of h(n) to get H(z), where H(z) is the transfer function of the digital filter...
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